동북아역사재단 NORTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY FOUNDATION 로고 동북아역사재단 NORTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY FOUNDATION 로고 Newsletter

1870년대 기록으로 본 울릉도와 나가사키 지역의 동향
Trends in Ulleungdo and Nagasaki Regions based on the Records of the 1870s In the 1870s, Korea's international relations were becoming complicated due to issues of each country demarcating their territories. Japan's invasion of Taiwan (May 1874), Sino-Japanese negotiations, the Treaty for the Exchange of Sakhalin for the Kurile Islands between Russia and Japan (July 1875), and the incorporation of the Ogasawara Islands into Japanese territory (1876) took place around this time. Around this time, Korea signed the Korea-Japan Treaty of 1876 (February 1876) and opened its doors after the Japanese warship Unyo invaded and attacked Ganghwa Island illegally. In Japan, a cadastral survey was carried out in full swing. Shimane Prefecture inquired with the Ministry of Home Affairs, a superior agency, about determining the territory of ‘Takeshima and one other island.’ After reviewing the relevant documents containing the historical records, the Ministry of Home Affairs requested a final judgment from the Supreme Council of State. On March 29, 1877, the Supreme Council of State issued an order declaring, “Keep in mind that Takeshima and one other island have nothing to do with our country.” Here, “Takeshima and one other island” refer to the Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands. Domestic academic circles have been actively researching how to define the nature of the directive by focusing on the value of the Dajokan Directive.
Park Han-Min, Researcher, Dokdo Research Institute
미국 스미소니언 박물관 소장 「해동전도」와 독도
「Haedong Jeondo (Map of Korea)」 in the Collection of the Smithsonian Institution, USA, and Dokdo Island This year marks the 140th anniversary of establishing diplomatic ties between the USA and Korea. Academic circles had examined the relationship between the USA and Korea during the enlightenment period, focusing on the activities of missionaries and medical personnel. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the diplomats affiliated with the US government dispatched to Korea. The Korea travel diary by Navy Officer George Clayton Foulk (1856-1893), 『Foulk, Who Came on a Steamer, Records Korea with Daedongyeojido (Detailed Map of Korea)』 was also published in 2021. At a symposium co-hosted by the foundation and Yeungnam University's Dokdo Research Center on February 28, I gave a presentation on John Baptiste Bernadou (1858-1908), a naval officer who visited Korea immediately after the establishment of diplomatic ties between the USA and Korea, the map he collected, “Haedong Jeondo (Map of Korea),” and Dokdo Island in the map. I would like to introduce the research results I presented at the symposium in this article. The US government wanted to establish a world-class museum by collecting folklore materials from worldwide. It commissioned the Smithsonian Institute to operate the United States National Museum (USNM) program. Bernadou, a naval officer, was assigned to this program in 1882, trained in museum specimen collection, and sent to Korea in March of 1884. Between 1884 and 1885, Bernadou collected more than 160 pieces of various folklore materials from Korea, including furniture, paintings, agricultural implements, ceramics, handicrafts, musical instruments, clothes, ornaments, and textiles, prints, and books. These items have been managed at the Smithsonian Museum in the USA under the name of The Bernadou Korean Collection (1884-1885). There are eleven maps among these exhibits, including “Haedong Jeondo,” which will be introduced today.
Kim Jong-geun Researcher, Dokdo Research Institute
‘라테르네’가 되어
Becoming ‘Laterne’ When I meet someone these days, 'Visitor,' a poem by Jeong Hyeon-jong, comes to mind. As the poet puts it, meeting someone is truly an 'enormous event.' It is because it is like meeting that person's past, present, and future, that person's life. It is even more so when I meet people from history I know. I became excited to see the history of that time altogether. With that in mind, I met Professor Kim Yeon-deok, who participated in the Academic Research of Dokdo in 1953, in Sinsa-dong, Seoul, on January 13. He was born in 1931 and turned 92 this year. The story of his visit to Dokdo Island is published in the second edition of ‘Laterne’ (December 1953) under the title ‘Pilgrimage to Dokdo.’ ‘Laterne’ is the name of the newsletter of the Gyeonggi High School Alumni Mountaineering Club, created in 1952 by Seoul National University College of Engineering students, including Kim Yeon-deok. The newsletter was issued once a year until the ninth issue in 1960. ‘Laterne’ is the German word for ‘lantern’ that climbers carry on the mountain. I asked, ‘Why did you name it in German?’, to which he answered that he wanted to make it look more stylish. ‘Laterne’ was the name of the newsletter and the name of the mountaineering club. When people were scattered after the Korean War and unsure who survived and died, students tried to find other surviving students. They established the “Laterne” Association in Busan, a place of refuge. They decided to meet regularly under the “Lantern” to regain strength and find their way through the darkness.
Hong Seong-geun, Researcher, Dokdo Research Institute
제2차 세계대전 이후 일본 외무성의 영토문제 자료집과 울릉도·독도
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Source Book on Territorial Issues after the Second World War and Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands From 1946 to 1949, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs produced seven volumes of “Explanatory Materials,” a collection of materials that explained the islands Japan sought recognition from the Allied Powers as Japanese territory. Among them, five books (①-④, ⑦) kept in the National Archives and Records Administration of the USA were investigated, collected, and analyzed by Professor Jeong Byung-jun of the Department of History at Ewha Womans University. In 2021, our foundation received these materials as donations and published them as a collection of materials and analysis articles. * Among these, I would like to introduce “Part 4 Islands in the Pacific and East Sea [Sea of Japan]” (“Explanatory Material ④”) related to Dokdo Island.
Jeong Yeong-mi, Director, Dokdo Research Institute
『안톤 체호프 사할린 섬』, 체호프의 사할린과 그 이후
『Sakhalin Island』 by Anton Chekhov, Chekhov's Sakhalin and Afterward From 1858 before 1875, when it was officially recognized as Imperial Russian territory, Russia made Sakhalin a penal settlement for convicts sentenced to hard labor. For this reason, what used to be the land of Ainus, Ultas, Nivkhs, and Gilyaks was turned into a penal settlement. Most of the modern space in Sakhalin was created using the forced labor of convicts. The criminals fell from severe cold, hunger, and harsh forced labor and suffered from despair over losing their homeland. According to the Russian census of 2010, the population of Sakhalin was 497,900, with the largest ethnic group being Russians, accounting for about 85%, and the second biggest ethnic group being Koreans, 24,993 people, accounting for 5.3% of the total population. It is believed that Koreans appeared in Sakhalin in 1870 for the first time. However, most Koreans currently living in Sakhalin are descendants of those drafted by Japanese imperialists, which is the result of the painful history following the loss of national sovereignty. In this way, Sakhalin is also closely related to Koreans.
Bae Dae-hwa, Professor Emeritus, Kyungnam University
집안의 고구려 왕성, 환도성과 국내성
Royal Fortress, Hwandoseong Fortress, and Gungnaeseong Fortress of Goguryeo in Jian There are ruins of two royal fortresses in the Jian area. One is Sanseongja Fortress, located in a mountainous area, and the other is Jian Flatland Fortress, in the city center of Jian. It is common to see the former as Hwandoseong Fortress, which can be found in historical records, and the latter, as Gungnaeseong Fortress. Sanseongja Fortress is a fortress that embraces a valley. The east, north, and west sides are surrounded by high peaks, and the fortress walls were built on the ridges. The total length of the wall is 6,947 m. There are seven gates, one in the west and two in the east, south, and north. The main gate is built in the south, where the ground is low, and the front is open, and the Tongou River runs in front of it. A palace site was excavated in the early 2000s inside the Sanseongja Fortress. It is 95.5m from north to south and 86.5m from east to west, and a layer of Goguryeo culture, with many roof tiles and roof-end tiles, was also found. The two octagonal building sites located within the palace site are unique in shape. Some speculate their functions as government buildings or shrines for the progenitor.
Ki Gyeong-ryang, Professor, Department of Korean History, Catholic University of Korea
코로나 시기, 지금 몽골은?
How is Mongolia Now, During the COVID-19 Period? All schools in Mongolia opened for the new semester on February 7, with regular hours from the fourteenth. It was great to see the bright faces of students in the classrooms after a long time. They took classes primarily online for the past two years. Still, many of them could not even attend the online classes. Students without internet connections at home used mobile data to participate in the class. Many students shut down the video, only listened, and did not respond during classes. Some students attended online classes while working part-time. Some living in the countryside had to take their mobile phones to the top of the mountain for better reception to join the class, creating an unusual scene. As we gradually return to normal life, we think about what happiness is once again.
Yeo Byeong-mu, Professor,  International University of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
중국 경기툰 사람들의 고향 생각
Hometown in the Minds of People in Jingji Tun, China Jingji Tun (Gyeonggi Village) is a Korean village located in Wuxing, Zhangjiadian, Liuhe, Tonghua, Jilin, China. I first learned about this village in the mid to late 1990s when I was studying in Beijing. I visited the house of someone I was close to, and the lady that took care of the housework spoke Korean very well. “Ma'am. How can you speak the Seoul dialect so well?” “Everyone in this village is like me.” "Really? Where did you learn it?” “Everyone here came from Gyeonggi-do. My parents came from Yongin, and my in-laws came from Anseong.” After studying in China, I returned to Korea to work as a lecturer at a university. I went to Anseong about once a week to give lectures. After the lecture, I visited the Anseong-gun Office to see if there were any records of people who emigrated during the Japanese Occupation. Surprisingly, there were such records, including the exact dates. I took students to Jingji Tun, twice in 2000 and 2001 to investigate the migration history and life of the people there.
Kim In-hee, Director, Korea-China Relations History Research Institute
Address 81 TONGILRO (MIGEUN-DONG) IMGWANG BLDG., SEODAEMUN-GU, SEOUL 03739
TEL 02-2012-6000
FAX 02-2012-6175
COPYRIGHT © 2023 Northeast Asian History Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.