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NAHF Focus
Current State of Hate Issues in Japan and Hate Crimes
    Kim Hyeon-cheol, Researcher, The Institute for Korea-Japan Historical Issues

Another Expression of Anti-Korean Sentiment Continues Amid the Korean Wave Boom


Take a look at how Japanese society treats Koreans Japanese today. There is a menace against Korea in the air beyond discriminatory remarks. There have even been hate crimes, such as a case of arson in 2021. It is a worrisome situation.


For some time, protests and actions targeting Koreans living in Japan (and Koreans), expressing their hatred on the street, or yelling at them outright to leave Japan, have decreased, but there are still hate speech and discriminatory remarks on the internet.


Despite the Korean wave boom, such as K-pop and K-drama in Japan, remarks and actions against Korea targeting Koreans living in Japan are expressed in other forms. An article titled Has Hate Disappeared? (Mainichi Shinbun, October 19, 2021) shows that the anti-Korean phenomenon is becoming more structured and used commercially in Japanese society. Two aspects of the anti-Korean sentiment are viewed through a psychological analysis of the Japanese people. One is the desire to fill their pride by beating up others they consider 'inferior.' Some people try to display a sense of superiority against Koreans in Japan because they live within Japanese society. The other reflects the reality that anti-Korean publications are selling well against growing interest in Korea in the background. For example, young Japanese people reportedly find psychological comfort by reading books titled "Korea. Is This Country a Hell?" or "Korea. Too Much Capitalism," which describe the current situation in Korea. Such books are written so that Japanese readers would think, Its tough to live in Korea. I am lucky that I was born in Japan when they read the parts that describe the dark reality of current Korean society and the hell-like situation that young people are experiencing due to difficulties in finding jobs. The atmosphere in which these books are sold includes other anti-Korean or hateful elements against Korea, like those who have been telling Koreans living in Japan to get out of Japan.

 

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Anti-Korean Behavior against Koreans in Japan and the Utoro Arson Incident 


There were shocking and worrisome incidents for Koreans living in Japan, such as arson attacks against or damage to facilities related to Koreans living in Japan that occurred in the second half of 2021.


For example, on December 14, 2021, the Osaka government disclosed the name of the representative of the 'Group in Pursuit of Japan without Koreans,' who distributed leaflets with discriminatory content against Koreans living in Japan, under the . The incident was so severe that Masako Yagura, the president of the Osaka Hate Speech Review Commission, even said, "The door-to-door distribution of such materials has given Koreans in Japan a strong sense of anxiety that even their homes are not safe and that their peaceful lives may be threatened at any time." (Mainichi Shinbun, December 15, 2021) This is disturbing because the discriminatory remarks and anti-Korean actions against anonymous people on the internet are now targeting specific people living in a particular area.


On December 6, 2021, a man in his 20s was arrested and charged with arson in a fire where empty houses were burned down in August 2021 in the Utoro district of Uji, Kyoto, where many Koreans in Japan live in the community. This man is also suspected of setting fire to and damaging the properties of the Korean Residents Union in Aichi, Nagoya, in 2021. He was arrested by the Aichi Prefectural Police. (Asahi Shinbun, January 10, 2022). During the trial of the suspect, who was arrested on charges of arson, the Japanese prosecutors pointed out in the opening statement that He decided to set fire to the properties, having ill-feeling against Koreans to relieve his sense of inferiority he has had after he failed to fit into the workplace and became unemployed. The suspect told a reporter of the Mainichi Shimbun, I intended to frighten Koreans in Japan. (NEWS 1, May 16, 2022)


The Utoro district is a very symbolic place as Korean workers mobilized for the construction of airfields during the war under Japanese rule, lived there. Many Koreans in Japan who are their descendants continued to live there after the war. After the suspect of the Utoro arson incident was arrested, Japanese civic groups such as the Group Requesting for the Promotion of Effective Hate Speech Measures in Kyoto Prefecture and City within Kyoto held a press conference at the Kyoto Prefectural Office on December 15, 2021. At the meeting, participants raised awareness and attention in the Japanese society by issuing a statement aiming at eradicating similar crimes, considering that the case can be seen as a crime targeting a specific ethnic group with a discriminatory motive, or in other words, a 'hate crime.'


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Concerns about Hate Crimes and Calls for Countermeasures


A series of crimes targeting foreigners, such as Koreans in Japan, are called hate crimes aimed at ethnic minorities in Japan. Hate crimes target groups with specific attributes, such as race, ethnicity, disability, gender, or religion, based on discriminatory motives. After the attack on a Korean school by the exclusionist group called Gathering of Citizens who Do not Grant Privileges in Japan in 2009, it was put forward as a specific agenda in the National Diet and the . The Hate Speech Elimination Act was enacted in 2016. Still, the legislation against hate crime has not been implemented due to the deep-rooted opposition over freedom of expression.


In Japanese society, some intellectuals and the media are raising their voices to point out the seriousness of these hate crimes and to call for countermeasures. For example, Masato Fujisaki, a lecturer, and critic at Saitama Institute of Technology, wrote an article titled What the Majority Should Think About to Stop Hate Crimes against Koreans in Japanfor Newsweek JAPAN issued on December 23, 2021, explaining that serious hate crimes are taking place in Japan. He said there are intrinsic and delusional exclusionist ideas such as If many foreigners live in Japan, the public order and security will deteriorate and Ethnic minorities might take over Japan in Japanese society, and he worried that these thoughts might develop into more horrible hate crimes. Fujisaki urged that it is necessary to show the attitude of protecting the human rights of the minority as the responsibility of the majority rather than conducting the psychological analysis of the criminal or treating this issue as someone elses problem to stop more hate crimes from occurring.