동북아역사재단 NORTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY FOUNDATION 로고 동북아역사재단 NORTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY FOUNDATION 로고 Newsletter

대한민국 임시정부는 카이로 선언에 어떻게 '자유 독립'을 관철시켰나
How Could the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea Write, “Freedom and Independence,” in the Cairo Declaration? A variety of events are being held to commemorate the centennial of the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Considering the fact that the Provisional Government paved the way for Korea’s sovereignty and gave Korean people the ability to live in the democratic republic now called the Republic of Korea, it is natural to commemorate such an event. However, there is one more thing to remember on the occasion of such a centennial: the Provisional Government was able to guarantee “Korea’s post-war freedom and independence” only as a result of the Cairo Conference. Leaders of the United States, Britain, and China convened at a meeting in Cairo, Egypt, in November 1943, and announced the meeting’s concluded agreements through the Cairo Declaration. The Cairo Declaration states the following: “The aforesaid three great powers, mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, are determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent.” This except was to mean that Korea would be free and independent if Japan was defeated, thus the declaration was important in that it ensured Korea’s independence after the war. It is well-known that the Cairo Conference ensured Korea’s post-war freedom and independence. However, there are few, if any, who are fully aware of how Korea’s freedom and independence were able to be stipulated in the Cairo Declaration. Korea’s freedom and independence did not come easily. It was Chiang Kai-shek who proposed Korea’s freedom and independence at the Cairo Conference, and it was the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea who moved Chiang Kai-shek to propose such measures. This means that the Cairo Declaration was the outcome of the Provisional Government’s influence on Chiang Kai-shek.
Han Si-jun(professor of history at Dankook University)
3·1운동과 대한민국 임시정부 수립 100년, 역사를 반추해 미래를 보다
Centennial of March 1st Movement and Establishment of the Provisional Government, Reflecting on History and Looking to the Future 2019 is a special year for the Republic of Korea, as the centennial of the March 1st Movement and the establishment of the Provisional Government is celebrated. The March 1st Movement, which declared Korea’s independence, was a resistance movement that was under way nationwide. This movement brought all people together, regardless of sex, age, and social status, which eventually led to the establishment of the Provisional Government. In other words, the March 1st Movement and the establishment of the Provisional Government was a watershed moment in our history. Thus, the Institute on Korea-Japan Historical Issues, affiliated with the Northeast Asian History Foundation, has been carrying out research projects related to these incidents since last year. Researcher Kim Hyun-chul was interviewed to discuss these projects.
Interviewer(Yoon Hyeon-ju, writer)
삼균주의와 민주공화국을 희망한 조소앙
Jo So-ang, Who Hoped for the Principle of Three Equalities and a Democratic Republic Jo So-ang (1887-1958) played several important roles such as being the Master of Ceremonies (MC) at the interim meeting of the legislature of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in 1919, enacting the country name and the “Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea,” forming the branches of government, and creating various proclamations. In the 1930’s, he performed the task of systematizing the theory of three equalities as the guiding ideology for the Movement for the National Single Party through the push for collaboration of both left-wing and right-wing parties in China. In 1941, Jo gave shape to the Provisional Government’s independence movement strategy and nation-building plan by drafting the “Foundation Doctrine of the Republic of Korea.” These are achievements of Jo So-ang, the leading theorist of the Provisional Government.
Kim Gi-seung(Professor of Soonchunhyang University)
역사정의의 과제로서 일본군‘위안부’ 문제를 조명하다
The issue surrounding Japanese troops’ use of “comfort women” illuminated as task of historical justice As we celebrate the meaningful centennial of the March 1st Movement and the establishment of the Provisional Government, we come to reconsider the challenges that stem from historical events and that have been handed to us today. This should begin with sincerely wiping the tears of victims of anti-humanitarian crimes mobilized forcibly during the aggressive war under Japan’s colonial rule, the effects of which are still today in the 21st century. In this respect, it is notable that our government proclaimed the restoration of the dignity and honor of sexual slavery victims of Japanese soldiers as a national task by remembering April 14, the day when Kim Hak-sun, a former comfort woman, testified to her victimization for the first time, just before the 73rd anniversary of the National Liberation Day in 2018. It was within same context of the victim-centered principle stipulated under the “Basic Principles and Guidelines on Victims’ Rights” adopted unanimously in the United Nations General Assembly in 2005.
Doh See-hwan(Head of Research Center on Japanese Military Comfort Women, Northeast Asian History Foundation)
『한원翰苑』의 역주서 발간
Publication of “Hanwon,” Translated with Footnotes “Hanwon: Translation with Footnotes,” published recently by the Foundation, is the 6th to 7th century version of the “Dong-i-chon.” This book was written by Jang Cho Geum and annotated by Yong Gongrui in 660, the fifth year of King Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. It originally consisted of 30 books but now “Beonibu,” regarded as the last book of “Hanwon,” is kept in Dazaifu Tenmangu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
Lee Seong-je(head of the Institute on Pre-Modern Korean History)
차별과 무관심 속에 흔들리는 ‘재일 조선학교’
Korean Immigrant Schools (Chōsen Gakkō Schools) in Japan Faltering Amid Discrimination and Indifference The Japanese government has announced that the “Childcare Support Act” will go into effect in October 2019. This means that Japan will offer Free Education for Preschoolers and Free Tuition for High School Students. However, Korean Immigrant Kindergartens were excluded from this program. Preschoolers, as well as high school students, were ousted from the Equal Protection of Laws and Institutions. When Japan introduced a policy for free tuition for high schoolers in 2010, Kihei Maekawa, then deputy director-general of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, called this “hatred and discrimination” led by the hate government. Since 2010, there have been cold-blooded attacks in which the state pushes minority groups out of the boundaries of laws and institutions in Japan. It is no exaggeration to say that this is going beyond “government-made hatred” and more towards “government-made bullying” and “government-made racial discrimination.” It is important to focus on the fact that the target is especially Korean immigrants in Japan (Chōsen) before we can discuss the Japanese system that has facilitated the creation of this situation.
Kim Myeong-jun[Secretary General of Pencil Stub: People Working Together with Korean Immigrant Schools (Chōsen Gakkō) and director of Movie, “Our School”]
사진으로 보는 1919년 3월 1일 서울의 풍경
Scenes of Seoul Seen Through Photos Taken on March 1, 1919 Marking the centennial of the March 1st Movement and the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, investigative reports by academic conferences, exhibitions, and media outlets have been published one after another. Broadcasters and newspapers have been reporting competitively, but photos showing scenes of protests from this time are unexpectedly rare. Viewers or readers with good eye sight may have encountered the following photos repeatedly in various reports.
Seo Hyun-ju(head of the Foundation’s Office of Education and Public Relations)
재단 뉴스
NAHF News Marking the centennial of the March 1st Movement, the Foundation developed education materials for students and teachers that can be used in primary, middle, and high schools, and distributed them online. These materials were classified as information for student and teachers and are intended to help boost research- and activity-oriented studies based on historical data. As a variety of commemorative projects have been conducted throughout society on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the March 1st Movement, primary, middle and high school students – the force driving our future generations – must broadly understand the meaning and value of the Independence Declaration and the significance of the March 1st Movement. Anyone can download the materials at the Foundation’s Northeast Asian History website (contents.nahf.or.kr) without having to sign up for a membership.
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